References

     Pediatric reference values
Pediatric reference values

S†-Acid phosphatase
  • Newborn

7.4 - 19.4 U/L
  • 2-13 years

6.4 - 15.2 U/L

S-Aldolase
  • Newborn

To 4 x adult value
  • Child

To 2 x adult value

S-Alkaline phosphatase
  • Newborn

40 - 300 U/L
  • Child

60 - 270 U/L

S-a-fetoprotein
  • Newborn

Up to 100 mg/L
  • 2 week

Undetectable

S-Amylase
  • Newborn

Little, if any, amylase activity
  • 1 year

Adult values

S-Aspartate aminotransferase
  • Newborn

16 - 74 U/L
  • 1 - 3 years

6 - 30 U/L

S-Bilirubin
  • Newborn

Preterm

Full-term
  • 24 h

17-103 µmol/L (10-60 mg/L)

34-103 µmol/L (20-60 mg/L)
  • 48 h

103-137 µmol/L (60-80 mg/L)

103-120 µmol/L (60-70 mg/L)
  • 3 - 5 d

171-257 µmol/L (100-150 mg/L)

68-205 µmol/L (40-120 mg/L)

S-Calcium
  • Preterm, first week

1.50-2.50 mmol/L (60-100 mg/L)
  • Full-term, first week

1.75-3.00 mmol/L (70-120 mg/L)
  • 1-2 years

2.50-3.00 mmol/L (100-120 mg/L)
  • 2-16 years

2.25-2.87 mmol/L (90-115 mg/L)

U†-Catecholamines

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine
  • 1 year

30-90 nmol/d (5.4-15.9 µg/d)

1-23 nmol/d (0.1-4.3 µg/d)
  • 1 - 5 years

50-180 nmol/d (8.1-30.8 µg/d)

4-50 nmol/d (0.8-9.1 µg/d)
  • 6 - 15 years

110-420 nmol/d (19.0-71.1 µg/d)

7-339 nmol/d (1.3-10.5 µg/d)
  • >15 years

200-510 nmol/d (34.4-87.0 µg/d)

19-72 nmol/d (3.5-13.2 µg/d)

U-Chloride (varies with chloride intake)
  • Infant

1.7-8.5 mmol/d
  • Child

17-34 mmol/d

S-Cholesterol
  • Cord blood

1.2-2.5 mmol/L (460-980 mg/L)
  • 1 - 2 years

1.8-4.9 mmol/L (700-1900 mg/L)
  • 2 - 16 years

3.5-6.5 mmol/L (1350-2500 mg/L)

U-Cortisol (free)
  • 4 mo - 10 year

6-74 nmol/d (2-27 µg/d)
  • 11 - 20 years

2-152 nmol/d (0.7-55 µg/d)

S-Creatine kinase
  • Newborn

3 x adult values
  • 3 weeks - 3 months

1.5 x adult values
  • >1 year

At adult values

S-Creatinine (Upper reference value)
  • Up to 5 years

44 µmol/L (5.0 mg/L)
  • Up to 6 years

53 µmol/L (6.0 mg/L)
  • Up to 7 years

62 µmol/L (7.0 mg/L)
  • Up to 8 years

71 µmol/L (8.0 mg/L)
  • Up to 9 years

80 µmol/L (9.0 mg/L)
  • Up to 10 years

88 µmol/L (10.0 mg/L)
  • >10 years

106 µmol/L (12.0 mg/L)

S-Estradiol
  • 0 - 2 years

0-26 pmol/L (0-7 pg/mL)
  • 2 - 4 years

0-26 pmol/L (0-7 pg/mL)
  • 4 - 6 years

0-51 pmol/L (0-14 pg/mL)
  • 6 - 8 years

0-37 pmol/L (0-10 pg/mL)
  • 8 - 10 years

0-367 pmol/L (0-100 pg/mL)
  • 10 - 12 years

0-367 pmol/L (0-100 pg/mL)
  • 12 - 14 years

0-367 pmol/L (0-100 pg/mL)
  • 14 - 16 years

26-385 pmol/L (7-105 pg/mL)
  • 16 - 26 years

26-1175 pmol/L (7-320 pg/mL)

Fecal Fat
  • Pre-term Newborn

Up to 0.40 excreted
  • Full-term Newborn

Up to 0.20 excreted
  • 3 months - 1 year

Up to 0.15 excreted
  • 1 year

Up to 0.085 excreted

P-Nonesterified fatty acids
  • Newborn

0-1845 mmol/L
  • 4 months - 10 years

300-1100 mmol/L

S-Glucose
  • Preterm Newborn

1.1-3.6 mmol/L (200-656 mg/L)
  • Full-term Newborn

1.1-6.1 mmol/L (200-1100 mg/L)
  • Child

3.3-5.8 mmol/L (600-1050 mg/L)

S-g-Glutamyltransferase
  • Premature Newborn

56-233 U/L
  • Newborn - 3 weeks

10 - 103 U/L
  • 3 weeks - 3 months

4-111 U/L
  • 1 - 5 years

2-23 U/L
  • 6 - 15 years

2-23 U/L
  • 16 years - adult

2-23 U/L

S-Haptoglobin
  • Newborn

Detectable haptoglobin in only
  • 1 year and older

0.1-0.2 at adult values

S-Immunoglobulin IgG
  • 0.5 weeks

7500-15,000 mg/L
  • 6 months

1500-7000 mg/L
  • 1 year

1400-10,300mg/L
  • 5 years

3700-15,000 mg/L
  • 10 years

4400-15,500 mg/L

S-Immunoglobulin IgA
  • 0 - 5 weeks

None
  • 6 months

200-1300 mg/L
  • 1 year

200-1300 mg/L
  • 5 years

300-2000 mg/L
  • 10 years

500-2300 mg/L

S-Immunoglobulin IgM
  • 0 - 5 weeks

<200 mg/L
  • 6 months

300-600 mg/L
  • 1 year

300-1600 mg/L
  • 5 years

200-2200 mg/L
  • 10 years

300-1700 mg/L

Inulin clearance
  • <1 month

29-88 mL/min per 1.73 m2 of body surface
  • 1 - 6 months

40-112 mL/min per 1.73 m2 of body surface
  • 6 - 12 months

62-121 mL/min per 1.73 m2 of body surface
  • >1 year

78-164 mL/min per 1.73 m2 of body surface

U-17-Ketosteroids‡
  • 0 - 3 days

0-0.2 µmol/d (0-0.5 mg/d)
  • 1 - 3 years

<7.0 µmol/d (<2.0 mg/d)
  • 3 - 6 years

2-10 µmol/d (0.5-3.0 mg/d)
  • 6 - 9 years

3-14 µmol/d (0.8-4.0 mg/d)
  • 10 - 12 years

Male

2-21 µmol/d (0.7-6.0 mg/d)

Female

2-17 µmol/d (0.7-5.0 mg/d)
  • Adolescent

Male

10-52 µmol/d (3-15 mg/d)

Female

10-42 µmol/d (3-12 mg/d)

S-Lactate dehydrogenase
  • 1 - 3 days

Up to 2 x adult values

S-Phosphorus (inorganic)

Preterm

Full-term
  • Newborn

1.81-2.58 mmol/L (56.0-80.0 mg/L)

1.61-2.52 mmol/L (50.0-78.0 mg/L)
  • 6 - 10 days

1.97-3.78 mmol/L (61-117 mg/L)

1.58-2.87 mmol/L (49-89 mg/L)
  • 4 months

1.55-2.62 mmol/L (48-81 mg/L)
  • 1 year

1.26-1.94 mmol/L (39-60 mg/L)
  • 2 - 16 years

0.84-1.61 mmol/L (26-50 mg/L)

S-Potassium
  • Preterm Newborn

4.5-7.2 mmol/L
  • Full-term Newborn

5.0-7.7 mmol/L
  • 2 days - 2 weeks

4.0-6.4 mmol/L
  • 2 weeks - 3 months

4.0-6.2 mmol/L
  • 3 months - 1 year

3.7-5.6 mmol/L
  • 1 - 16 years

3.6-5.2 mmol/L

S-Testosterone
  • 0 - 2 years

0.14-1.28 nmol/L (0-0.4 ng/mL)

0.24-0.62 nmol/L (0.1-0.2 ng/mL)
  • 2 - 4 years

0.17-5.55 nmol/L (0-1.6 ng/mL)

0.24-0.69 nmol/L (0.1-0.2 ng/mL)
  • 4 - 6 years

0.28-1.39 nmol/L (0.1-0.4 ng/mL)

0.35-0.69 nmol/L (0.1-0.2 ng/mL)
  • 6 - 8 years

0.21-9.72 nmol/L (0.1-2.8 ng/mL)

0.52-1.04 nmol/L (0.1-0.3 ng/mL)
  • 8 - 10 years

0.31-1.74 nmol/L (0.1-0.5 ng/mL)

0.69-1.39 nmol/L (0.2-0.4 ng/mL)
  • 10 - 12 years

0.29-10.06 nmol/L (0.1-2.9 ng/mL)

0.69-1.74 nmol/L (0.2-0.5 ng/mL)
  • 12 - 14 years

0.17-26.37 nmol/L (0-7.6 ng/mL)

1.04-2.43 nmol/L (0.3-0.7 ng/mL)
  • 14 - 16 years

3.12-19.43 nmol/L (0.9-5.6 ng/mL)

1.21-3.30 nmol/L (0.3-1.0 ng/mL)
  • 16 - 18 years

9.02-25.33 nmol/L (2.6-7.3 ng/mL)

1.39-3.30 nmol/L (0.4-1.0 ng/mL)
  • 18 - 20 years

13.88-24.98 nmol/L (4.0-7.2 ng/mL)

1.39-3.30 nmol/L (0.4-1.0 ng/mL)
  • 20 - 25 years

11.80-38.86 nmol/L (3.4-11.2 ng/mL)

1.39-3.30 nmol/L (0.4-1.0 ng/mL)

S-Thyroxine
  • 1 - 3 days

142-296 nmol/L (11.0-23.0 µg/dL)
  • 1 week - 1 month

116-232 nmol/L (9.0-18.0 µg/dL)
  • 1 - 4 months

97-212 nmol/L (7.5-16.5 µg/dL)
  • 4 - 12 months

71-187 nmol/L (5.5-14.5 µg/dL)
  • 1 - 6 years

71-174 nmol/L (5.5-13.5 µg/dL)
  • 6 - 10 years

64-161 nmol/L (5.0-12.5 µg/dL)

Information based on Meites S: Pediatric Clinical Chemistry. Washington, DC, American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1977.
†S = serum; U = urine; P = plasma.
‡ Same as DHEA.