Mesenchymal Markers |
CD44 |
Cadherin 2 (CDH2) |
N-cadherin |
Syndecan-1 |
Cytoskeletal proteins |
Actin stress fibers and a-SMA |
Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) |
Fibronectin (FN1) |
FSP-1 |
Paxillin |
S100A4 |
Vimentin (VIM) |
Vinculin |
Secreted factors |
Laminin g2 |
MUC-1 |
MUC-4 |
MUC-16 |
MMP-2 |
MMP-3 |
MMP-9 |
MMP-14 |
Transcription factors |
AP-1 (FoxB, FOSL1/2, Jun, JunB, ATF4) |
Beta-catenin |
E2.2/TCF4 |
E2F1 |
E47 |
ETS-1 |
FOXC2 |
Goosecoid (GSC) |
LEF-1 |
NANOG |
SIX1 |
Smad2 |
Smad3 |
Smad4 |
Snail 1 (SNAI1) |
Snail 2 (SNAI2) |
SOX4 |
SOX9 |
SOX10 |
TCF3 (E47)/LEF1 |
Twist1 |
ZEB1 (dEF-1) |
ZEB2 |
Signaling |
FGF |
HGF |
MAPK |
Notch |
Ras |
TGF-beta |
Wnt |
Beta-catenin |
Source: Foroni, C., Broggini, M., Generali, D. and Damia, G., 2012. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition and breast cancer: Role, molecular mechanisms and clinical impact. Cancer treatment reviews, 38(6), pp.689-697.