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Celebrating over a
decade of excellence
The initial concept to develop an "Encyclopedia of Bioscience" on the Web was conceived more than a decade ago. This scientific treasure will ultimately contain over 5000 authoritative reviews in all fields of biology and medicine. Over 750 well known scientists have orchestrated the largest group effort to crystallize this vision. Frontiers in Bioscience expresses its deepest gratitude to the dedicated team of managing editors and the authors who, so passionately, are contributing to this ever lasting wealth of knowledge.
BLOOD AND IMMUNE SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Allergic Aspergillosis
An update on the pathogenesis of immune dysregulation in autoimmunity
Antibody Engineering
Autoimmune diabetes: update on pathogenesis and immune regulation
Blood coagulation, inflammation, and thrombosis
Defense Science, stem cells and infectious diseases
Endpoints in immunomodulatory trials
Evolution of the immune system
Exercise effects on immunity: cellular and molecular responses
Gene regulation and signal transduction in CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells
Genetics, structures and disease associations of the human central MHC
Hemostasis
Human MHC
Harnessing immune potential by vaccination
Homeostasis and therapeutical potential of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells
Immune pathology
Immune peptide enhancement of peptide based vaccines
Immune responses to retroviral infections
Immunemodulation and immunosuppressants
Immunologic targeting of hematologic malignancies
Immunological Tolerance to our Own Antigens
Immunotherapy based on innate lymphocytes
Innate immunity and protein synthesis
Integrins
Lipopolysaccharide signaling and induction of gene expression in monocytes
Marrow transplantation in children: "current results and controversies"
Mechanisms for the maintenance and the breakdown of B cell tolerance
Molecular regulation of the immune system during alcohol intoxication
Natural killer cell biology
Neutrophil-derived granule proteins as regulators of inflammatory and immune reactions
NeuroAIDS and drug abuse
Molecular aspects to vaccine design molecular aspects to vaccine design
Neurotropic virus infections and the host immune response
New insights in transplantation tolerance
New insights in transplantation tolerance
Papillomaviruses: immunology and vaccines
Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Pattern recognition of P. gingivalis: Periodontal host defense versus immune evasion strategies
Peptide-based vaccines and therapeutics against immune disorders
Perioperative immunity and outcome
Plasminogen Receptors
Platelets in human pathologies: pre-clinical models, therapeutics and monitoring
Platelet Physiology
Promyelocytic leukemia PML nuclear bodies: perspectives in PML function
Protective and pathologic immune response against Candida Albicans infections
Role of B cells in systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases
Role of unconventional T cells in immune defense
Signalling and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in the onset and maintenance of the immune response
JAK/STAT signaling in hematopoiesis
Immune responses to retroviral infections
Tachykinin-mediated modulation of the immune response
T cell anergy and apoptosis in infections
T cell immunosenescence
The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
The role of chemokines in renal diseases and renal allograft rejection
Topics in molecular hematology
Transplantation
Transplant immunology
Tumor angiogenesis
Tumor cell regulation of the immune system

CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Adenylate cyclase/cAMP axis and cell growth
Advances in the biology of malignant melanoma
Advances in chemical, biochemical, and biomedical principles and applications of nucleosides, nucleotides, and polynucleotides
AMP-activated protein kinase
Adult stem cell biology
An update on the pathogenesis of immune dysregulation in autoimmunity
Animal models of lentiviral vertical transmission
Antisense therapeutics
Antisense antivirals against viral infections
Antibody engineering
Anti-Stress molecules
Apoptosis
Autoimmune diabetes: update on pathogenesis and immune regulation
Autoinhibition in signal transduction proteins
Bio-demographic effects of genome-proteome interactions
Bioinformation
Biology of the macrophage in human disease
Biological applications of multi-photon microscopy
Biology and medicine of ErbB tyrosine kinases
Biological sciences
Biomolecular structure, location and function: The universal analytical role of mass spectrometry
Calcium homeostasis and calcium signaling in health and disease
Calcium and the heart: signaling and regulation
Cell cycle
Cellular and molecular biology of cilia
Chemokines
Chemokines in rheumatic diseases
CD44
Cell division cycle-associated genes in a chromatin context
Cellular Biomechanics
Cellular functions of tissue transglutaminase
Classification and prediction in genomics and proteomics
Computaional studies of protein aggregation
Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone
Current gene therapy for cancer
Current topics in lead discovery
Cyclic GMP Signaling through cGMP-dependent protein kinases and cGMP phosphodiesterases
Cystatins in health and disease
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and related molecules in health and disease
Disintegrins in health and disease
DNA repair and genome stability
Cytokines
DNA repair genes and human diseases
DNA supercoiling and gene expression
DNA metabolism within a nucleosomal context
DNA replication and cell cycle control
DNA structures, genome instability and human disease
Developmental genes
Early evolution of life
Early region gene function in adenovirus vectors
Endpoints in immunomodulatory trials
Exercise in medicine: from basic science to clinical practice
Epigenetic effects during development and disease launch
Eukaryotic cell cycle control
FAK family kinases in disease
Free radicals in biology and medicine. Current theories and experimental findings
From regeneration to scar formation
From TGF-beta to cancer therapy
Initiation of DNA replication
Gap junctions and hemichannels
GCF and its receptor
Gene regulation and signal transduction in gonads
Genetic and cellular therapies in cardiovascular diseases
Genetic and molecular biological basis for gearing and deafness
Genetics and genomics of probiotic bacteria
Genetic basis for disorders affecting the premature newborn
Genetic diseases
Genetics, Structures and disease associations of the human central MHC
Genetic recombination and chromosome rearrangements
Gene regulation and structure-function of P450/Cold stress response
Genetically defined human cancer models and chemical genetic screening
Genetically-modified animals as research models in development and disease
Genome instability and carcinogenesis
Genomic approaches for the identification of biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis
Growth factor receptor cross talk and therapeutic resistance in cancer
Glutamine as a cellular signal
Grb7/Grb10/Grb14 adaptor protein family: Structure, regulation, and function in cell signaling
Harnessing immune potential by vaccination
Heterotrimeric G proteins in development
Hormones
Human cancer causing viruses
Immunoglobulin
Immunotherapy based on innate lymphocytes
Inflammatory response mechanisms
Innate immunity and protein synthesis
Insights into stem cell niches and their residents
Integrins
Intracellular signaling and metabolic control
Kinetochore and spindle checkpoint
Lipidomics: developments and applications
Magnesium
matrix metalloproteinases
Mechanisms of action of quinone-containing alkylating agens
Mechanisms of oxidant-mediated lung injury
Mechanisms of progression in prostate and ovarian cancer
Mechanisms of xenobiotically-induced abnormal development
MicroRNAs: biogenesis, genomics, mechanism, and function
Microbial magnesium and manganese transport and the role of manganese and manganese enzymes in pathogenesis
Mitochondria in diseases and therapy
Mitochondria: physiological function, signaling and oxidative damage
Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial mutations in aging
Molecular basis of complex diseases
Molecular biology in clinical practice
Molecular strategies to enhance the anticancer activity of TNF
Molecular biology of neurodegeneration
Molecular biology of ticks and the tick-pathogen interface
Molecular engines that build and break epithelial junctions
Molecular imaging of biomarkers
Molecular motors
Molecular regulation of the immune system during alcohol intoxication
Molecular chaperone genes in the human genome
mRNA stability and posttranscriptional control of receptors and channels in the nervous system
Mucins
Nanostructures for biological and medical applications
Natural killer cell biology
Neurotropic virus infections and the host immune response
Neutrophil-derived granule proteins as regulators of inflammatory and immune reactions
New insight into diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases
New insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutics of renal fibrosis
New therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes
NF-kB: a potential target for cancer
Nitric oxide and related research
Nitric Oxide and ROS mediated signaling
Nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite in cardiovascular diseases
Nuclear phosphoinositol lipids signaling
Nuclear receptor function and mechanism of action
Oocyte and pre-implantation embryo development
Oxygen in biology
p53
p53 and apoptosis
Pathophysiology of cellular cation regulation in human disease Pattern recognition of P. gingivalis: Periodontal host defense versus immune evasion strategies
Peptides controlling energy balance regulation
Phosphatases
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
Pleiotropic roles of chemotactic factors and their receptors
Polyoxometalates: synthesis,characterization, properties, and applications
Potential molecular targets for chemoprevention
Pre-mRNA splicing and human diseases
Prokaryotic transcriptional regulation: beyond the Enteric paradigms
Prolyl Isomerases in Cell Signaling and Diseases
Promyelocytic leukemia PML nuclear bodies: Perspectives in PML function
Protein associations: from structural markers to drug development
Protein deposition diseases: pathology and micro-analytical methods
Protein kinase
Protein kinase signaling downstream to MAPKs
Protein-RNA interactions in viral RNA processing
Purine, pyrimidine and pyridine metabolism in plants
Recent progress in signal transduction of islet beta cells
Regulated glucose transport
Regulation and function of NaK-ATPase in health and disease
Regulation of programmed cell death
Renin, prorenin, and (pro)renin receptor
Role of B cells in systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases
Role of the cytoskeleton in cellular architecture and functions - Pathologies associated with cytoskeletal defects
Regulation of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein conjugation pathways
RNA interference: from basic to medical applications
Scaffolding proteins as regulators of signaling
Serpins in biology and medicine
Short function motifs in proteins
Signalling and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in the onset and maintenance of the immune response
Sperm guidance
Stem cell chromatin
Stem cell engineering
Stem cell and organogenesis
Stress responses: from molecular to integrative bioscience
Structure-function analyses of papillomavirus proteins
Supramolecular materials and devices: status and prospects for pharmacy and nutrition
Synchronization of the neuronal activity and plasticity in adult brain
Targeted gene repair
Tau protein
T cell immunosenescence
Telomeres and telomerase in cardiovascular disease
The biological functions of inducible-inducible p200 family proteins
The complex role of phospholipases A2 in cancer
The frog /Xenopus as a model to study evolutionary, developmental and biomedical immunology
The licensing factor Cdt1 and its inhibitor Geminin
Theoretical studies of protons and water in ion channels
The role of bromodomain proteins in the cell cycle and cancer
The role of chemokines in renal diseases and renal allograft rejection
The zebrafish as a model for human disease
The Role of epigenetics in development and disease
The Structure and function of calcium release channels
Thymidylate synthase in biology and cancer treatment
tissue remodeling factors in the physiology and pathophysiologies of the female reproductive tract
Transcription
Transposable elements: molecular biology, evolution, genomic impact and applications
Tyrosine protein phosphorylation in cell signaling
TWEAK and FN14 in health and disease
Type II transmembrane serine proteases
Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in cellular regulation
Urokinase-mediated plasminogen activation system
Wnt-Frizzled signaling in development
Wnt/FZD signalling in cancer and disease

NEUROLOGY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Aging and neuroprotection
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Behavioral and neurobiological bases of human complex-sound perception
Bioscience and medicine of brain tumors
Brain plasticity in non vertebrate models
Deep brain stimulation and its effects on cognitive and limbic brain systems
Molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders
Cerebrospinal fluid and ependymal interactions with brain
Circadian rhythms from molecules to behavior
Cognition: attention
Current Status in Alzheimer's research
Genetic and molecular biological basis for gearing and deafness
Genetics of vision and cognition
Inflammatory Disorders of the nervous system
Mechanisms of neuronal injury in neurological Diseases
Molecular basis of neuronal dysfunction in AIDS
Molecular biology of neurodegeneration
mRNA Stability and posttranscriptional control of receptors and channels in the nervous system
Neural cell adhesion molecules
Neuroinflammation: modulation by drugs of abuse
Neurotropic virus infections and the host immune response
New frontiers in neurosurgery research
New innovations in management of brain tumors
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in adult and developing brain
Nonhuman primate models of neuropsychopathology
Nonneuronal Acetylcholine in Normal physiology and Pathology
Oxidative stress, neurodegenerative disorders and neuroprotection
Parkinson's disease
Prefrontal correlates of attention and executive control
Recent advances in neuro-oncology
Regulation of gene expression in the brain
Retinal degenerations and neuroprotection
Schizophrenia, pathology and treatment
Spatial attention, motor intention: disorders and treatment
Synchronization of the neuronal activity and plasticity in adult brain
Tau protein
Virus modulation of signaling pathways in central nervous system disease

ONCOLOGY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Advances in the biology of malignant melanoma
Antisense therapeutics
Cancer chemoprevention
Cancer progression
Cancer vaccine
Combination strategies for the immunotherapy of cancer
Current gene therapy for cancer
Detection and immunotherapy of cancer
Diet, nutrition and cancer prevention
DNA viruses and human malignancies
From TGF-beta to cancer therapy
Gastrointestinal growth and carcinogenesis
Genes in genitourinary neoplasia
Genetically defined human cancer models and chemical genetic screening
Genome instability and carcinogenesis
Genomic approaches for the identification of biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis
Growth factors and cancer
Growth factor receptor cross talk and therapeutic resistance in cancer
Hormonal carcinogenesis
Human cancer causing viruses
Human viruses and cancer
Immunologic targeting of hematologic malignancies
Mechanisms of quinone action
Mechanisms of progression in prostate and ovarian cancer
Molecular imaging in cancer
Molecular strategies to enhance the anticancer activity of TNF
Mucins
New Modalities in Cancer Therapy
NF-kB: a potential target for cancer
Pancreatic cancer treatment
Papillomaviruses: Immunology and Vaccines
Pathogenesis of tumor progression in breast and prostate cancer
Recent Advances in Melanoma
Recent Advances in Neuro-Oncology
Signature of normal and cancer cells:
molecular targets for cancer therapy

The role of bromodomain proteins in the cell cycle and cancer
The tumor microenvironment as a target for therapy
Thymidylate synthase in biology and cancer treatment
Tumor angiogenesis
Tumor cell regulation of the immune system
Tumor growth and metastasis: molecular signaling and therapy
Tumor-induced immunosuppression: implications for cancer immunotherapy
Wnt/FZD signalling in cancer and disease

THERAPEUTICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Advances in treatment of pancreatic cancer
Antisense antivirals against viral infections
Antisense therapeutics
Anti-stress molecules
Cancer chemoprevention
Cancer vaccine
Cell therapy and biotechnology in regenerative medicine
Cellular Therapy and vaccine development
Combination strategies for the immunotherapy of cancer
Computations of the structures of proteins and nucleic acids and implications for drug design
Current gene therapy for cancer
From TGF-beta to cancer therapy
Gene therapy for stroke
Genetic and cellular therapies in cardiovascular diseases
Growth factor receptor cross talk and therapeutic resistance in cancer
Immunotherapy based on innate lymphocytes
Molecular targets for drug resistance
Natural medicine
New modalities in cancer therapy
Pancreatic cancer treatment
Marrow transplantation in children: "current results and controversies"
New frontiers in drug delivery
Papillomaviruses: immunology and vaccines
Potential molecular targets for chemoprevention
Molecular strategies to enhance the anticancer activity of TNF
Mucins
New perspectives in the therapeutic use of opioids
New therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes
NF-kB: a potential target for cancer
Protein associations: from structural markers to drug development
RNA therapeutics for AIDS
Targeted gene repair
The role of chemokines in renal diseases and renal allograft rejection
The tumor microenvironment as a target for therapy
Thymidylate synthase in biology and cancer treatment
Transplantation: current developments and future directions

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