FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE;
NORMAL AND ABNORMAL EKGs



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CONDITIONSOUND CHARACTERISTICFILE SIZE
(Kb)		DURATION
(Seconds)
Normal Normal heart sounds 47.3 2.20
Acute rheumatic fever Loud first sound 43.1 2.00
Mitral stenosis Accentuated first sound 40.6 1.89
Mitral stenosis Opening snap46.1 2.04
Mitral stenosis Short, mid-diastolic murmur 39.7 1.80
Mitral stenosis Presystolic murmur 43.1 2.50
Mitral regurgitation Systolic murmur 38.8 1.80
Mitral regurgitation Systolic murmur,
high pitched and
blowing type		 32.3 1.50
Mitral regurgiation Systolic murmur,
crescendo type		32.3 1.50
Mitral regurgiation Late systolic murmur,
crescendo type 		32.3 1.50
Mitral regurgiation Mid systolic click
and late systolic murmur		 37.8 1.76
Mitral regurgiation Holosystolic murmur 32.3 1.50
Mitral regurgiation Third heart sound 37.0 1.72
Mitral regurgiation+
Mitral stenosis		All sound features of
mitral stenosis and
mitral regurgitation 		40.6 2.14
Aortic insufficiency Loud systolic ejection murmur,
third sound 		30.8 1.97
Aortic stenosis Opening snap of aortic valve,
early systolic ejection sound		22.3 1.43
Pulmonary stenosis Harsh systolic ejection murmur27.8 1.78
Tricuspid regurgitation Holosystolic murmur,
high pitched,
lower during expiration and
louder during inspiration		 91.74.26
Ventricular sepatal defect Continuous murmur24.2 1.54
Atrial septal defect Abnormal splitting of
second sound
during expiration 		42.6 1.98
Patent ductus arteriosus Continuous "machinery" murmur40.5 2.59
Coarctation of aorta Systolic murmur23.4 1.49
Left bundle branch block Paradoxical splitting
during expiration 		32.4 1.50
Left bundle branch block Paradoxical splitting
during inspiration		 40.3 1.87
Right bundle branch block Abnormal splitting
of first sound 		35.4 1.64
Complet heart block Slow heart rate,
varying first sound		 82.6 3.84
Systemic hypertension Accentuated second sound33.9 1.57