Genetic factors
Positive family history
Environmental & dietary factors
Heavily salted pickles
Smoked meats
Alcohol abuse
Ingested nitrates & nitrites
Cigarette smoking
Industrial chemicals
Talc, asbestos, clay, paint, ceramic & metals
Helicobacter pylori infection
Adenomatous polyps
Chronic atrophic gastritis with hypogammaglobulinemia and Pernicious anemia
Previous gastric surgery (stump cancer)