FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE;
LABORATORY TESTS, CANCER OF CERVIX



Cytology
PAP (Papanicolaou) smear
Colposcopic examination revealing a white epithelium, mosaicism, coarse punctate pattern of the surface epithelium, bizarre capillaries with cork screw or comma shaped architecture
Punch biopsy
Endocervical curettage
Cone biopsy of the cervix

Radiological studies:

Chest X ray for detection of pulmonary metastases
C.T. scan for detection of systemic metastases
M.R.I. for detection of systemic metastases
Intravenous urography to rule out ureteral obstruction