FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE;
TYPES OF LYMPHOMAS, THEIR SALIENT CLINICAL FEATURES, MORPHOLOGY AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPES



LYMPHOMA TYPE OR GROUP; GRADE

% IN ADULTS

CLINICAL FEATURES

SALIENT MORPHOLOGY

IMUNOPHENOTYPE


SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA (SLL); LOW GRADE

 


3-4

OCCURS IN OLD INDIVIDUALS
GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY
MARROW INVOLVED
CELLS IN THE BLOOD RESEMBLE THOSE SEEN IN CLL
INDOLENT COURSE
PROLONGED SURVIVAL

SMALL UNSTIMULATED LYMPHOCYTES IN A DIFFUSE PATTERN

 


>95% B CELLS (SURFACE IGM, IGD, PAN B CELL ANTIGEN CD19). EXPRESS CD5 (FOUND ON A SMALL NUMBER OF B CELLS AND T CELLS)

FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA (FL); LOW GRADE

40

OCCURS IN OLD INDIVIDUALS
GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY
ASSCOCIATED WITH CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION T(14:18) AT THE JUNCTION OF THE LOCATION OF THE BCL-2
BLOOD INVOLVEMENT UNCOMMON
INDOLENT COURSE
DIFFICULT TO CURE

GERMINAL CENTER CELLS
ARRANGED IN A FOLLICULAR PATTERN
OCCURS IN SMALL CLEAVED (CLEAVEND NUCLEI, PROMINENT INDENTATIONS, COARSE CHROMATIN AND INDISTINCT NUCLEOLI) AND FOLLICULAR MIXED CELL (LARGE CELLS EXCEED 20% OF CELL POPULATION) TYPES

B CELLS )EXPRESS CD19, CD10 AND CD21)

FOLLICULAR, PREDOMINANTLY LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA; INTERMEDIATE GRADE

<15%

UNCOMMON
POORER PROGNOSIS THAN OTHER FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMAS

MOST NEOPLASTIC CELLS ARE LARGE WITH CLEAVED OR NON-CLEAVED NUCLEI
MITOSIS NUMEROUS

B CELL

DIFFUSE, SMALL CLEAVED CELL LYMPHOMA (DSCCL); INTERMEDIATE GRADE
;8&9
MORE COMMON IN MALES
AGGRESSIVE
MEDIAN SURVIVAL 2-4 YEARS
SHOW CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION T(11:14)

SMALL CLEAVED CELLS

B CELLS (EXPRESS PAN B CELL MARKER, EXPRESS CD5, DO NOT EXPRESS CD10)

DIFFUSE, MIXED SMALL AND LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA (DM) ;INTERMEDIATE GRADE
;8&9 ;8&9
MIXED SMALL CELAVED CELLS AND LARGE IRREGULAR CLEAVED OR NON-CLEAVED (FOUR TIMES THE SIZE OF NORMAL LYMPHOCYTES) WITH ONE TO TWO PROMINENT NUCLEOLI) CELLS
DISPERSED CHROMATIN
INCONSPICUOUS NUCLEOLI
SCANT , PALE CYTOPLASM
;8&9

DIFFUSE LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA (DLC); INTERMEDIATE GRADE

40-50%

OCCURS IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS AND CHILDREN
FREQUENT PRESENCE OF EXTRANODAL DISEASE
MARROW INVOLVEMENT UNCOMMON
BLOOD INVOLVEMENT UNCOMMON
VISCERAL INVOLVEMENT UNCOMMON
AGGRESSIVE TUMORS
60% CURABLE

PREDOMINANTLY GERMINAL CENTER CELLS. CONSISTS OF LARGE CLEAVED AND NON-CLEAVED CELLS
OTHER CELLS TYPES INCLUDE SMALLER CELLS AND IMMUNBLASTIC CELLS

~ 80% B CELLS
~20% POST-THYMIC T CELLS

LARGE CELL IMMUNOBLASTIC LYMPHOMA; HIGH GRADE

40-50%

RAPIDLY ENLARGING OFTEN ASYMPTOMATIC MASS AT A NODAL OR EXTRANODAL SITE
MAY PRESENT WITH INVOLEMENT OF GI TRACT, BRAIN, BONE OR SKIN
UNCOMMON BONE MARROW INVOLVEMENT
RARE LEUKMIA
AGGRESSIVE
RAPIDLY FATAL
60-80% REMISSION, 50% CURE WITH CHEMOTHERAPY

TUMOR CELLS FOUR TO FIVE TIMES LARGER THAN SMALL LYMPHOCYTES
ROUND TO MULTILOBATED LARGE VESICULAR NUCLEI
ONE TO TWO PROMINENT NUCLEOLI
DEEPLY STAINED TO PYRONINOPHILIC TO CLEAR CYTOPLASM

T OR B CELLS

SMALL NONCLEAVED (BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA); HIGH GRADE

<1%

ENDEMIC IN AFRICA
SPORADIC IN REST OF THE WORLD
OCCURS IN CHILDREN
EXTRANODAL INVOLVEMENT
RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE
RESPONDS TO THERAPY

CELLS INTERMEDIATE IN SIZE BETWEEN THE SMALL LYMPHOCYTES AND IMMUNOBLASTS
MULTIPLE PROMINENT NUCLEOLI
HIGH MITOTIC RATE


B CELLS

ADULT T CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA

RARE

ENDEMIC IN JAPAN AND CARIBBEAN
IS ASSOCIATED WITH HTLV-1 INFECTION
MAY INVOLVE SKIN
MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH LEUKEMIA
MAY INVOLVE SPLEEN AND LYMPH NODES
RAPIDLY FATAL

VARIABLE MORPHOLOGY
CELLS MAY HAVE CEREBRIFORM NUCLEI

CD4+ T CELLS